PAP Smear and HPV

The PAP smear test is the most important screening method for early detection of cervical cancer by examining cells taken from the cervix under a microscope.

What is a PAP Smear Test?

The PAP smear (Papanicolaou) test is the laboratory examination of cells taken from the cervix. This test can detect abnormal cell changes (dysplasia), precancerous lesions, and cancer at an early stage.

The PAP smear test is performed during gynecological examination, is a painless procedure, and takes a few minutes. Results are usually available within 1-2 weeks.

Combined PAP Smear and HPV Testing

Today, both PAP smear and HPV testing are used together for cervical cancer screening (co-testing):

- Ages 21-29: PAP smear every 3 years

Ages 30-65: HPV test + PAP smear every 5 years (co-test) or PAP smear every 3 years

Over 65: Screening may be discontinued in women with previous normal screenings

HPV testing is a more sensitive screening tool than PAP smear and can detect precancerous lesions earlier.

Abnormal Smear Results

PAP smear results are reported using the Bethesda system:

- Normal: No abnormal cells

ASCUS: Atypical cells of undetermined significance

ASC-H: Atypical cells that cannot exclude high-grade lesion

LSIL: Low-grade lesion

HSIL: High-grade lesion

AGC: Atypical glandular cells

In abnormal results, further evaluation is done with colposcopy and biopsy if necessary.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often should a PAP smear test be done?+

Every 3 years from age 21, and every 5 years with HPV testing after age 30 is recommended. More frequent check-ups may be needed for abnormal results.

Is a PAP smear test painful?+

No, the PAP smear test is generally a painless procedure. Cells are gently collected from the cervix and the procedure takes just a few seconds.

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