HPV and Colposcopy

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is a virus family with more than 200 types. It is transmitted sexually and approximately 80% of women become infected with HPV at some point in their lives. HPV types are divided into low-risk and high-risk: - **Low-risk HPV types** (types 6, 11): Cause genital warts - **High-risk HPV types** (types 16, 18): Can cause cervical cancer Most HPV infections are cleared by the immune system within 1-2 years. However, persistent high-risk HPV infection increases cancer risk.

Colposcopy is a detailed examination of the cervix using a special magnifying device (colposcope). It is performed when abnormalities are detected in smear tests or in cases of HPV positivity. During colposcopy: - The cervix is stained with special solutions - Abnormal areas are identified - Biopsy is taken if necessary - The procedure is painless and short

- **HPV Vaccine**: The most effective prevention method. Recommended between ages 9-26 - **Regular screening**: Regular check-ups with smear test and HPV test - **Genital wart treatment**: Cryotherapy, laser, electrocautery - **Precancerous lesions**: LEEP, conization - **Immune system strengthening**: Healthy lifestyle